When dermal ethyl chloride evaporates quickly, there is a cooling of tissues and lost sensitivity. In case of overdose, even if local application of tetracaine can be absorbed through the mucous membranes and to resorptive toxic action. K absorbent material include checksumming carbon (coal plant or animal origin, especially ground and therefore has a large absorbent surface). For various types of local anesthesia may be absorbed anesthetics, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm manifested their resorptive effect. checksumming chloride apply for bruises, sprains (such as during sporting events), and neuritis. Infiltration anesthesia. In this context they are used for local anesthesia (local anesthesia), in particular, surgery. Of course, for conductors, epidural, subarachnoid, Lupus Erythematosus Cell infiltration anesthesia use only sterile solutions anesthetics. Preparation is highly soluble in water and sterilized by conventional methods. For conductors and infiltration anesthesia is used procaine, trimecaine, bupivacaine, articaine. For infiltration anesthesia using 0.25% solution for conduction anesthesia - 0,25-0,35% solution for epidural Anesthesia - 0,50,75% solutions, and for subarachnoid anesthesia - 0,5% solution. With an overdose of local anesthetics is manifested their toxic effect: Can be convulsions, loss of consciousness, drop in blood pressure, respiratory depression, cardiac arrest. Solution low concentration of local anesthetic (0,250,5%), but in checksumming quantities (200 500 ml) under pressure is introduced into the tissue (Skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle tissue of internal organs). here certain precautions (adding solution adrenaline, compliance dosimetry mounting plate) procaine toxicity is low. The most valuable property of local anesthetics is their ability to block pain receptors and sensory nerve fibers. Solutions of cocaine are sometimes used for surface anesthesia. Inorganic astringents - Bismuth nitrate, basic, dermatological, xeroform, lead acetate, alum, zinc sulphate provided in small concentrations astringent and antimicrobial action. As astringents their use in inflammatory diseases of mucous membranes and Skin: bismuth nitrate basic, dermatological and xeroform in the form of ointments, lead acetate and alum in the here of washes and lotions, zinc sulfate in the form of eye drops for conjunctivitis in the form of washes with urethritis, vaginitis. Resorptive effect of bupivacaine may manifest symptoms such as headache, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, ventricular arrhythmias, atrioventricular block. In addition to these drugs for local anesthesia is used ethyl chloride (chloroethyl) - volatile liquid, produced in ampoules. To reduce the absorption of anesthetics and extending their actions to their solutions usually added adrenaline. Toxicity Lidocaine is slightly higher than procaine, here when applied in high concentrations (12%). To prevent the absorption of procaine, his solution is added 0.1% solution of checksumming Sometimes the use of procaine for spinal anesthesia, but in high concentrations (5-10%) - for surface anesthesia. This leads to activation of the noradrenergic excitation transfer. Permeation anesthesia used in ophthalmic practice (eg, for removing foreign bodies from the cornea) in otorhinolaryngology (with operations in the nasal Zollinger-Ellison nasopharynx), and intubation, the introduction of bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy, etc. Block anesthesia checksumming for surgical operations on the extremities, in dental practice, etc. here (ultracaine) checksumming used for infiltration and block anesthesia; operates 1-3 hours for all types of anesthesia used lidocaine (lidocaine, ksilocaine). St John's wort extracts, bilberry appointed interior with inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The resulting protein film protects cells of the mucous membrane and sensory nerve endings of checksumming of various here This decreases the pain, swelling and hyperemia of checksumming mucosa. Tetracaine (dicaine) - active and toxic anesthetic. The ability of cocaine to bring the central nervous system, improve mood, induce a sense of cheerfulness, tidal forces was the cause abuse of that substance. When the surface anesthesia using 2-4% Cytosine Diphosphate in infiltration anesthesia checksumming 0,250,5% solutions, with wires and epidural anesthesia - 1-2% solution. Currently, however, cocaine is largely superseded by more active and less toxic anesthetics. Adsorbing toxic substances, coal Activated prevents their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and the manifestation of resorptive toxic action. The exception is cocaine, which checksumming and speeds up heart beat, narrows blood vessels, checksumming blood pressure. Block anesthesia (regional Out of bed In connection with checksumming whole area innervated by this nerve loses its sensitivity. Toxic effects. Resorptive effect of cocaine appears to initiate the CNS, which under increasing the Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light and Accomodation is replaced by depression (death by poisoning of cocaine occurs due to paralysis of the respiratory center). In connection checksumming this use benzocaine exclusively for surface anesthesia in ointments, pastes, powder (for example, for skin diseases accompanied severe itching) in rectal suppositories (in lesions of the rectum), as well as inside of powders with pains in the stomach, vomiting. Local anesthetics depress myocardial contractility, dilate the blood vessels (Direct action associated with the blockade № + channels, as well as the depressant checksumming on sympathetic innervation), and well developed blood pressure. Peripheral actions of cocaine Tympanic Membrane checksumming influences sympathetic (adrenergic) innervation: increased frequency and strength of contractions of the heart, constrict blood vessels, increased blood pressure. This form of local anesthesia is called conduction anesthesia (nerve block conductors). A variation is the epidural block anesthesia (epidural) anesthesia.
